State of the climate: How the world warmed in 2021

State of the climate: How the world warmed in 2021
In this article, Carbon Brief unpacks the different datasets, remarkable records and extreme events of last year. Use the links below to navigate between sections:
Ocean heat content: It was the warmest year on record for ocean heat content, which increased markedly between 2020 and 2021.
Surface temperature: It was between the fifth and seventh warmest year on record for surface temperature for the world as a whole, the fifth warmest for the world’s land regions, and the seventh warmest for the oceans.
Warming over land: It was the warmest year on record in 25 countries, and in areas where 1.8 billion people live.
Extreme weather: 2021 saw the warmest northern-hemisphere summer (June, July, and August) on record over the world’s land, along with extreme heatwaves, wildfires, and rainfall events.
Comparison with climate model data: Observations fall well within the range of CMIP5 climate model projections over the past 70 years.
Warming of the atmosphere: It was the sixth or eighth warmest year in the lower troposphere – the lower part of the atmosphere – depending on which dataset is used.
Sea level rise: Sea levels reached new record-highs, with notable acceleration over the past three decades.
Greenhouse gases: Concentrations reached record levels for CO2, methane and nitrous oxide.
Sea ice extent: Arctic sea ice was well below the long-term average for most of the year, though relatively few daily records were set. The summer Arctic sea ice minimum was the 12th lowest since records began in the late 1970s.
Looking ahead to 2022: Carbon Brief predicts that global average temperature in 2022 will be similar to 2021. 
https://www.carbonbrief.org/state-of-the-climate-how-the-world-warmed-in-2021

https://www.carbonbrief.org/state-of-the-climate-how-the-world-warmed-in-2021

What sea level rise please??

PINCHGUT SYDNEY HARBOUR; 1862.



PINCHGUT SYDNEY HARBOUR; 2022.

I think this is going to be another circular argument.

butch wrote:What sea level rise please??

PINCHGUT SYDNEY HARBOUR; 1862.



PINCHGUT SYDNEY HARBOUR; 2022.

Satellite data and a global  network of gauges show that global MSL is rising at 3.5 mm /year.
Australian sea levels—Trends, regional variability and influencing factors
For the periods 1966 to 2009 and 1993 to 2009, the average trends of relative sea level around the coastline are 1.4 ± 0.3 mm yr− 1 and 4.5 ± 1.3 mm yr− 1, which become 1.6 ± 0.2 mm yr− 1 and 2.7 ± 0.6 mm yr− 1 after removal of the signal correlated with ENSO. After further correcting for GIA and changes in atmospheric pressure, the corresponding trends are 2.1 ± 0.2 mm yr− 1 and 3.1 ± 0.6 mm yr− 1, comparable with the global-average rise over the same periods of 2.0 ± 0.3 mm yr− 1 (from tide gauges) and 3.4 ± 0.4 mm yr− 1 (from satellite altimeters). Given that past changes in Australian sea level are similar to global-mean changes over the last 45 years, it is likely that future changes over the 21st century will be consistent with global changes. A generalised additive model of Australia's two longest records (Fremantle and Sydney) reveals the presence of both linear and non-linear long-term sea-level trends, with both records showing larger rates of rise between 1920 and 1950, relatively stable mean sea levels between 1960 and 1990 and an increased rate of rise from the early 1990s.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825214000956#:~:text=For%20the%20period%20of%20high,et%20al.%2C%202011).
https://sealevel.info/You_Zai-Jin_et_al_2009.pdf

All the continents are moving, therefore there is no valid reference point to measure sea level rise or fall within the margin of error you're referring to.
This is the best metal detecting site in Australia, I don't want to get banned again so i'll leave it there.

enjoy yourself PC.

butch wrote:All the continents are moving, therefore there is no valid reference point to measure sea level rise or fall within the margin of error you're referring to.
This is the best metal detecting site in Australia, I don't want to get banned again so i'll leave it there.

enjoy yourself PC.

!
Incorrect again as the refs i have posted show. Isostatic changes and other factors are taken into account.Globally their are hundreds of gauges measuring MSL which act as the perfect reference points!
About 1/3 of the sea level rise is due to thermal expansion  as the oceans warm.
https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/global-mean-sea-level-topex-jason-altimetry
https://www.psmsl.org/products/data_coverage/
http://www.ioc-sealevelmonitoring.org/gloss.php
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/147436/taking-a-measure-of-sea-level-rise-land-motion

Just looking at current atmospheric CO2 levels world wide which is approx 200 ppbv (Parts per billion x volume) and the safe level for CO2 is considered to be 350 ppM x volume. That would suggest that we are in the Shite where carbon dioxide is concerned. Yes/No ??

No.
Co2 is to unevenly spread to measure.

Any given computer model is simply one person's unsupported claim, expressed in a programming language instead of being expressed in English. This is done in order to be able to say "It's not my opinion, it's what the computer is telling us! It must be true and correct! The computer can't lie!"

I feel sorry for the gullible morons that fall for it.

butch wrote:No.
Co2 is to unevenly spread to measure.

Total rubbish.
The atmosphere is a relatively well-mixed medium.
CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations (including cape grim in Tasmania) scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.
https://www.csiro.au/en/research/natural-environment/atmosphere/latest-greenhouse-gas-data
https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/

adrian ss wrote:Just looking at current atmospheric CO2 levels world wide which is approx 200 ppbv (Parts per billion x volume) and the safe level for CO2 is considered to be 350 ppM x volume. That would suggest that we are in the Shite where carbon dioxide is concerned. Yes/No ??

Anthropogenic carbon release rate unprecedented during the past 66 million years
“We conclude that, given currently available records, the present anthropogenic carbon release rate is unprecedented during the past 66 million years”
https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/faculty/zeebe_files/Publications/ZeebeEtAl-NGS16.pdf